The whole guide for printing: vyvoj.solutia.cz/en/guide/print
Appendix
Sources
The figures and cases in the guide have sources. Here they all are in one place, with links to the originals.
Public authorities and audit bodies
- Auditor General of Canada, 2018Report 1: Building and Implementing the Phoenix Pay System (opens in a new window)spring 2018; paragraphs 1.24, 1.32–1.33, 1.37, 1.40, 1.63, 1.77, 1.90–1.91
- ČSÚ, 2026ICT specialisté berou v průměru sto tisíc [ICT specialists earn one hundred thousand on average] (opens in a new window)wages for 2025, share of ICT specialists in the public sector for 2024
- DIA, accessibility guidelineMetodický pokyn k zákonu č. 99/2019 Sb. o přístupnosti internetových stránek a mobilních aplikací (verze 1.7) [Methodological guideline to Act No. 99/2019 Coll., on Accessibility of Websites and Mobile Applications (version 1.7)] (opens in a new window)based on EN 301 549 V3.2.1 (WCAG 2.1 AA)
- DIA, cloud catalogKatalog cloud computingu: nabídky cloud computingu [Cloud Computing Catalog: cloud computing offerings] (opens in a new window)SAP SE offerings (ID 022) removed on March 12, 2026; as of October 2026
- DIA, Delivery team cardHodnoticí kritérium: Kvalita realizačního týmu [Evaluation criterion: Quality of the delivery team] (opens in a new window)one of the six evaluation cards published as of October 2026
- DIA, Disadvantageous clausesAnti Vendor lock-in: Nevýhodná ujednání ve smlouvách na dodávku ICT produktů [Anti vendor lock-in: Disadvantageous clauses in contracts for the supply of ICT products] (opens in a new window)originally OHA MV, 2017; as of October 2026
- DIA, ISSS 2025Kompetenční centra DIA: hodnocení kvality ve veřejných zakázkách na IT (prezentace, ISSS 2025) [DIA competence centers: quality evaluation in public IT contracts (presentation, ISSS 2025)] (opens in a new window)
- DIA, ISSS 2026Žádost o stanovisko OHA v ISDŘ (prezentace, ISSS 2026) [Requesting an OHA opinion in ISDŘ (presentation, ISSS 2026)] (opens in a new window)
- DIA, OHA approvalSchvalování: stanovisko OHA k pořízení nebo změně informačního systému [Approval: OHA opinion on the acquisition or change of an information system] (opens in a new window)no financial threshold; central government bodies inform OHA of expenditure over CZK 20 million under Government Resolution No. 86/2020, as amended by No. 831/2022
- DIA, Optional requirements cardHodnoticí kritérium: Fakultativní funkční požadavky [Evaluation criterion: Optional functional requirements] (opens in a new window)divides requirements into mandatory (must have) and optional (nice to have); as of October 2026
- DIA, Vendor lock-in methodologyVendor lock-in v ICT veřejných zakázkách (princip Open source jako první možnost) [Vendor lock-in in public ICT contracts (the open source first principle)] (opens in a new window)as of October 2026
- DSŘ audit, legal part, 2025Audit digitalizace stavebního řízení, právní část (finální vypořádání připomínek) [Audit of the digitalization of building permit procedures, legal part (final settlement of comments)] (opens in a new window)submitted April 4, 2025, published May 23, 2025; “fixed time, fixed price” mode on pp. 129 and 138
- DSŘ audit, technical part, 2025Zpráva o technickém stavu digitalizace stavebního řízení (technická část forenzního auditu) [Report on the technical state of the digitalization of building permit procedures (technical part of the forensic audit)] (opens in a new window)report of August 19, 2025, published August 26, 2025; management summary
- Dutch government, 2021Kabinetsreactie op het verslag “Ongekend onrecht” (Kamerstuk 35510, nr. 4) [Government response to the report “Unprecedented injustice” (Parliamentary Paper 35510, No. 4)] (opens in a new window)government response of January 15, 2021
- EN 301 549 V4.1.1, 2026EN 301 549 V4.1.1 published (Accessibility requirements for ICT products and services) (opens in a new window)published September 2, 2026, adopts WCAG 2.2 AA; citation in the Official Journal of the EU expected on December 16, 2026, until then V3.2.1 applies
- ESCO v1.2.1ESCO: evropská klasifikace dovedností, kompetencí a povolání (architekt systémů ICT 2511.13, konzultant ICT 2511.9, projektový manažer ICT 1330.7) [ESCO: European classification of skills, competences, and occupations (ICT systems architect 2511.13, ICT consultant 2511.9, ICT project manager 1330.7)] (opens in a new window)mapping of the roles from the MV rates to CZ-ISCO groups (ISCO-08)
- GAO, 2025Information Technology: Agencies Need to Plan for Modernizing Critical Decades-Old Legacy Systems (GAO-25-107795) (opens in a new window)international comparison; 10 critical systems identified in June 2019, 3 modernizations completed as of February 2025
- GDS, agile developmentAgile and government services: an introduction (opens in a new window)the 18 months are an illustration, not a measurement
- GDS, beta phaseHow the beta phase works (opens in a new window)beta has two stages, private and public; a service moves to public beta and to live only after an assessment
- Government, October 16, 2024Informace o aktuálním stavu digitalizace stavebního řízení (materiál pro jednání vlády 16. 10. 2024) [Information on the current state of the digitalization of building permit procedures (briefing paper for the government meeting on October 16, 2024)] (opens in a new window)the government decided to stop developing the existing systems, prepare a new tender, and commission an audit; resolution number 732 is given in the legal part of the DSŘ audit, the text of the resolution was not verified directly
- Horizon Inquiry, 2026Progress update from Sir Wyn Williams (opens in a new window)as of July 8, 2026: the rest of the report in five volumes (2–6), not yet published
- Horizon Inquiry, Vol. 1, 2025Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry: Report, Volume 1 (HC 1119) (opens in a new window)published July 8, 2025; system rollout, prosecutions 2000–2013, judgments, the 2024 Act, impact on people
- IPA, 2024Infrastructure and Projects Authority: Annual Report 2023–24 (opens in a new window)as of March 31, 2024: 227 projects, 11% green, 72% amber, 12% red, 5% excluded from the rating
- ISPV, private wage sector 2025Informace a statistiky o průměrném výdělku: mzdová sféra ČR, rok 2025 (tab. M7, M8, T7, T8) [Information and statistics on average earnings: Czech private wage sector, 2025 (Tables M7, M8, T7, T8)] (opens in a new window)results as of March 25, 2026; median gross monthly wages by CZ-ISCO, hours worked by ICT specialists 147.5 hours per month
- MF, guideline CHJ No. 3, 2026Metodický pokyn CHJ č. 3 (v3.0): Metodika veřejného nakupování, naplňování principů 3E [Methodological guideline CHJ No. 3 (v3.0): Public purchasing methodology, applying the 3E principles] (opens in a new window)version 3.0 of September 1, 2026
- MPSV, 2026Sociální pojištění v roce 2026 [Social insurance in 2026] (opens in a new window)employer contributions of 24.8% (sickness insurance 2.1%, pension insurance 21.5%, state employment policy 1.2%)
- MV, June 10, 2024Ministerstvo vnitra nesouhlasí se závěry kontroly NKÚ: základní registry fungují v bezodstávkovém provozu [The Ministry of the Interior disagrees with the NKÚ audit findings: the basic registers run without downtime] (opens in a new window)
- MV, ministry benchmarking, July 2026Přehled obvyklých cen ICT prací: benchmarkingové výstupy (vydání 3. 7. 2026) [Overview of typical ICT rates: benchmarking outputs (published July 3, 2026)] (opens in a new window)medians by ministry, often based on a small number of contracts
- MV, overview of ICT rates, July 2026Přehled obvyklých cen ICT prací (vydání 3. 7. 2026, ceny 1. 1.–30. 6. 2026) [Overview of typical ICT rates (published July 3, 2026, prices from January 1 to June 30, 2026)] (opens in a new window)885 contracts, 1,292 price data points; prices per person-day excluding VAT
- NAO, 2010Assurance for high risk projects (opens in a new window)estimate for 2008–09: GBP 8.3 million on independent reviews against GBP 10.5 billion in annual spending on 42 projects
- NKÚ, 2026II. souhrnná zpráva o digitalizaci veřejné správy ČR [Second summary report on the digitalization of public administration in the Czech Republic] (opens in a new window)
- NKÚ, Annual Report 2021Výroční zpráva Nejvyššího kontrolního úřadu za rok 2021 [Annual Report of the Supreme Audit Office for 2021] (opens in a new window)
- NKÚ, audit conclusion KZ 15/31Kontrolní závěr z kontrolní akce 15/31 (informační systémy Ministerstva financí) [Audit conclusion from audit 15/31 (information systems of the Ministry of Finance)] (opens in a new window)approved July 18, 2016; availability as a parameter of two expenditure programs could not be evaluated because it was not monitored sufficiently
- NKÚ, audit conclusion KZ 17/22Kontrolní závěr z kontrolní akce 17/22 (informační systémy MPSV pro dávky a zaměstnanost) [Audit conclusion from audit 17/22 (MPSV information systems for benefits and employment)] (opens in a new window)press release of January 21, 2019: notification of a breach of budgetary discipline totaling CZK 737 million
- NKÚ, audit conclusion KZ 17/24Kontrolní závěr z kontrolní akce 17/24: Veřejné nákupy v oblasti státní správy a využití centralizovaného zadávání [Audit conclusion from audit 17/24: Public purchasing in state administration and the use of centralized procurement] (opens in a new window)audit conclusion approved on July 30, 2018; central government purchasing (MV, MF) and ISVZ data (MMR)
- NKÚ, audit conclusion KZ 20/07Kontrolní závěr z kontrolní akce 20/07 (informační systémy MZe a SZIF) [Audit conclusion from audit 20/07 (information systems of MZe and SZIF)] (opens in a new window)
- NKÚ, audit conclusion KZ 23/05Kontrolní závěr z kontrolní akce 23/05 (základní registry) [Audit conclusion from audit 23/05 (basic registers)] (opens in a new window)
- NKÚ, audit conclusion KZ 24/04Kontrolní závěr z kontrolní akce 24/04 (systém e-Sbírka a e-Legislativa, Ministerstvo vnitra) [Audit conclusion from audit 24/04 (the e-Sbírka and e-Legislativa system, Ministry of the Interior)] (opens in a new window)CZK 482.1 million → CZK 903.2 million, 3 → 9 years, change request No. 22 of December 10, 2024; CZK 581 million unauthorized = everything paid under a contract amended by amendments in breach of ZZVZ; CZK 108.5 million uneconomical
- NKÚ, audit conclusion KZ 24/26Peněžní prostředky související s informační podporou vízových služeb a dalších konzulárních činností (KA 24/26) [Funds related to IT support for visa services and other consular activities (audit 24/26)] (opens in a new window)approved on November 10, 2025
- NSW Government, 2026Agile practices (Digital Service Toolkit) (opens in a new window)“Discovery usually takes between four to eight weeks”; as of October 2026
- NÚKIB, 2026Ohlášení podle nového zákona o kybernetické bezpečnosti provedlo přes 4 800 organizací [Over 4,800 organizations have registered under the new Cybersecurity Act] (opens in a new window)4,825 entities as of February 8, 2026, estimated total of about 6,000
- Royal Commission, 2023Final report of the Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme (Prime Minister’s media release) (opens in a new window)report released July 7, 2023; quotation from the Overview, p. xxix
- Tweede Kamer, POK, 2020Verslag Parlementaire ondervragingscommissie Kinderopvangtoeslag: Ongekend onrecht (Kamerstuk 35510, nr. 2) [Report of the Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry into Childcare Benefits: Unprecedented injustice (Parliamentary Paper 35510, No. 2)] (opens in a new window)report of the parliamentary committee of inquiry of December 17, 2020
- ÚOHS, August 20, 2026MMR dostalo pokutu za chyby v tendru na systém e-Turista (tisková zpráva k rozhodnutí R0109/2026) [MMR fined for errors in the tender for the e-Turista system (press release on decision R0109/2026)] (opens in a new window)final; two amendments moved the March 31, 2025 deadline by 2 and by 5 months; fine of CZK 122,000
- ÚOHS, May 15, 2026ÚOHS znovu uložil pokuty Generálnímu finančnímu ředitelství (tisková zpráva 26/085) [ÚOHS again imposes fines on the General Financial Directorate (press release 26/085)] (opens in a new window)final, for services related to ADIS: CZK 350,000 + 400,000 + 700,000 = CZK 1.45 million; including the proceedings on the VEMA information system, CZK 1.95 million
- ÚOHS, R0215/2019Předseda ÚOHS potvrdil postup Ministerstva dopravy zabraňující tzv. vendor lock-in (tisková zpráva k rozhodnutí R0215/2019) [ÚOHS chair upholds the Ministry of Transport’s approach to preventing vendor lock-in (press release on decision R0215/2019)] (opens in a new window)decision of the chair of February 19, 2020
- ÚOHS, S0028/2026Rozhodnutí ÚOHS č. j. 13016/2026/500 ze dne 9. 4. 2026 (ŘSD, Implementace, podpora a rozvoj modulu FIN) [ÚOHS decision ref. 13016/2026/500 of April 9, 2026 (ŘSD, implementation, support, and further development of the FIN module)] (opens in a new window)petition dismissed, final on June 19, 2026
- ÚOHS, S0321/2023Rozhodnutí ÚOHS č. j. ÚOHS-33680/2023/500 ze dne 5. 9. 2023 (digitalizace stavebního řízení) [ÚOHS decision ref. ÚOHS-33680/2023/500 of September 5, 2023 (digitalization of building permit procedures)] (opens in a new window)objections concerning data migration in paragraphs 388–393 (not assessed on the merits); questions about acceptance deadlines in paragraph 8
- ÚOHS, S0788/2023Rozhodnutí ÚOHS č. j. ÚOHS-09980/2024/500 ze dne 5. 3. 2024 (zákaz plnění smlouvy na digitalizaci stavebního řízení) [ÚOHS decision ref. ÚOHS-09980/2024/500 of March 5, 2024 (ban on performance of the contract for the digitalization of building permit procedures)] (opens in a new window)
Laws, case law, and decisions
- § 222 ZZVZZákon č. 134/2016 Sb., o zadávání veřejných zakázek, § 222 Změna závazku ze smlouvy na veřejnou zakázku [Act No. 134/2016 Coll., on Public Procurement, Section 222 Modification of obligations under a public contract] (opens in a new window)version from April 3, 2025 to December 31, 2026; amendment No. 469/2024 Coll., effective January 1, 2027, does not change Section 222
- § 2634, Civil CodeZákon č. 89/2012 Sb., občanský zákoník, § 2634 (dílo nehmotné povahy) [Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, Section 2634 (work of an intangible nature)] (opens in a new window)
- Act No. 121/2000 Coll.Zákon č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon (§ 5, § 11, § 26, § 58 a § 65) [Act No. 121/2000 Coll., the Copyright Act (Sections 5, 11, 26, 58, and 65)] (opens in a new window)version as of October 2026
- Act No. 171/2023 Coll.Zákon č. 171/2023 Sb., o ochraně oznamovatelů [Act No. 171/2023 Coll., on Whistleblower Protection] (opens in a new window)in force from August 1, 2023; Section 8 obliged entities, prohibition of retaliation
- Act No. 219/2000 Coll.Zákon č. 219/2000 Sb., o majetku České republiky a jejím vystupování v právních vztazích (§ 14 odst. 5) [Act No. 219/2000 Coll., on the Property of the Czech Republic and Its Representation in Legal Relations (Section 14(5))] (opens in a new window)a state organizational unit “shall demand default interest and agreed contractual penalties from debtors”
- Act No. 231/2025 Coll.Zákon č. 231/2025 Sb., o řízení a kontrole veřejných financí [Act No. 231/2025 Coll., on Management and Control of Public Finances] (opens in a new window)in force from January 1, 2027; replaces Act No. 320/2001 Coll., on Financial Control
- Act No. 264/2025 Coll.Zákon č. 264/2025 Sb., o kybernetické bezpečnosti [Act No. 264/2025 Coll., on Cybersecurity] (opens in a new window)in force from November 1, 2025; contracts with suppliers in Section 13(5), supplier screening in Sections 27–32
- Act No. 340/2015 Coll.Zákon č. 340/2015 Sb., o registru smluv (§ 3, § 6 a § 7) [Act No. 340/2015 Coll., on the Register of Contracts (Sections 3, 6, and 7)] (opens in a new window)
- Act No. 365/2000 Coll.Zákon č. 365/2000 Sb., o informačních systémech veřejné správy (§ 2 odst. 1 písm. v) a § 5 odst. 2 písm. g)) [Act No. 365/2000 Coll., on Public Administration Information Systems (Section 2(1)(v) and Section 5(2)(g))] (opens in a new window)version from January 1, 2026
- Act No. 424/2023 Coll.Zákon č. 424/2023 Sb., o požadavcích na přístupnost výrobků a služeb [Act No. 424/2023 Coll., on Accessibility Requirements for Products and Services] (opens in a new window)in force from June 28, 2025, transition period until June 28, 2030 at the latest; exemptions for microenterprises
- Act No. 592/1992 Coll.Zákon č. 592/1992 Sb., o pojistném na veřejné zdravotní pojištění (§ 2 odst. 1), a zákon č. 48/1997 Sb., o veřejném zdravotním pojištění (§ 9 odst. 2) [Act No. 592/1992 Coll., on Public Health Insurance Premiums (Section 2(1)), and Act No. 48/1997 Coll., on Public Health Insurance (Section 9(2))] (opens in a new window)premium of 13.5% of the assessment base, of which the employer pays two-thirds (9%)
- Act No. 99/2019 Coll.Zákon č. 99/2019 Sb., o přístupnosti internetových stránek a mobilních aplikací [Act No. 99/2019 Coll., on Accessibility of Websites and Mobile Applications] (opens in a new window)in force from April 9, 2019, current version from April 1, 2023
- Bates (No 6), 2019Bates and others v Post Office Ltd (No 6) “Horizon Issues” [2019] EWHC 3408 (QB) (opens in a new window)judgment of December 16, 2019; “Legacy Horizon was not remotely robust” (para. 975)
- CJEU, C-578/23Rozsudek Soudního dvora (třetího senátu) ze dne 9. 1. 2025 ve věci C-578/23, Česká republika – Generální finanční ředitelství proti Úřadu pro ochranu hospodářské soutěže [Judgment of the Court of Justice (Third Chamber) of January 9, 2025, in Case C-578/23, Czech Republic – General Financial Directorate v Office for the Protection of Competition] (opens in a new window)ECLI:EU:C:2025:4; “real and financially reasonable means” of ending exclusivity in paragraphs 31 and 38; summary in the ÚOHS press release
- Data Act, Art. 29Nařízení (EU) 2023/2854 o harmonizovaných pravidlech pro spravedlivý přístup k datům a jejich využívání (Data Act) [Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data (Data Act)] (opens in a new window)
- Decree No. 360/2023 Coll.Vyhláška č. 360/2023 Sb., o dlouhodobém řízení informačních systémů veřejné správy [Decree No. 360/2023 Coll., on long-term management of public administration information systems] (opens in a new window)
- Decree No. 409/2025 Coll.Vyhláška č. 409/2025 Sb., o bezpečnostních opatřeních poskytovatele regulované služby v režimu vyšších povinností [Decree No. 409/2025 Coll., on security measures of a regulated service provider under the higher-obligations regime] (opens in a new window)significant supplier in Section 2(h), required contract content in Annex 5; under the lower-obligations regime, Annex 2 of Decree No. 410/2025 Coll.
- Decree No. 410/2025 Coll.Vyhláška č. 410/2025 Sb., o bezpečnostních opatřeních poskytovatele regulované služby v režimu nižších povinností [Decree No. 410/2025 Coll., on security measures of a regulated service provider under the lower-obligations regime] (opens in a new window)Section 6 business continuity management; Annex 2 requirements for contracts with suppliers, including SLA content
- Decree No. 505/2025 Coll.Vyhláška č. 505/2025 Sb. (katalog cloud computingu) [Decree No. 505/2025 Coll. (Cloud Computing Catalog)] (opens in a new window)in force from January 1, 2026
- epravo.cz, 2009Software jako zaměstnanecké dílo [Software as an employee work] (opens in a new window)prevailing interpretation of Section 58(7) of the Copyright Act (citing the commentary by Telec and Tůma, 2007); no Supreme Court case law on the question was found
- epravo.cz, 2026Zdrojové kódy jako pojistka proti vendor lock-inu: judikatorní korekce a její meze [Source code as insurance against vendor lock-in: corrections by case law and their limits] (opens in a new window)analysis of the judgments of the Regional Court in Brno 30 Af 23/2020-202 (2024) and NSS 3 As 120/2024-81 (2025)
- NSS, 3 As 58/2025Rozsudek NSS č. j. 3 As 58/2025-46 ze dne 22. 1. 2026 (zákaz plnění smlouvy, DSŘ) [NSS judgment ref. 3 As 58/2025-46 of January 22, 2026 (ban on contract performance, DSŘ)] (opens in a new window)
- NSS, 5 Afs 42/2012Rozsudek NSS č. j. 5 Afs 42/2012-53 ze dne 11. 1. 2013 (jednací řízení bez uveřejnění, ochrana výhradních práv) [NSS judgment ref. 5 Afs 42/2012-53 of January 11, 2013 (negotiated procedure without prior publication, protection of exclusive rights)] (opens in a new window)
- NSS, 8 As 314/2021Rozsudek NSS č. j. 8 As 314/2021-123 ze dne 6. 2. 2025 (ADIS, přičitatelnost výhradních práv) [NSS judgment ref. 8 As 314/2021-123 of February 6, 2025 (ADIS, attributability of exclusive rights)] (opens in a new window)overturned the judgment of the Regional Court in Brno 29 Af 26/2018-96 and the decision of the ÚOHS chair, and returned the case to ÚOHS
- Prague Municipal Court, 10 C 13/2023Rozsudek Městského soudu v Praze č. j. 10 C 13/2023-16 ze dne 11. 10. 2023 (výtvor AI není autorské dílo) [Judgment of the Prague Municipal Court, ref. 10 C 13/2023-16, of October 11, 2023 (an AI output is not a work protected by copyright)] (opens in a new window)
- Regulation (EU) 2024/2847Nařízení (EU) 2024/2847 o horizontálních požadavcích na kybernetickou bezpečnost produktů s digitálními prvky (Cyber Resilience Act) [Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements (Cyber Resilience Act)] (opens in a new window)vulnerability reporting from September 11, 2026, fully applicable from December 11, 2027; for custom products, only some requirements can be adjusted by contract
- Regulation (EU) 2026/1744Nařízení (EU) 2026/1744, kterým se mění akt o umělé inteligenci (AI Omnibus) [Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 amending the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Omnibus)] (opens in a new window)in force from July 27, 2026; amends, among other things, Article 4 (AI literacy) and the deadlines for high-risk systems
- ZZVZ and Government Regulation No. 541/2025 Coll.Zákon č. 134/2016 Sb., o zadávání veřejných zakázek (§ 27 ve znění zákona č. 69/2025 Sb.) a nařízení vlády č. 541/2025 Sb. (finanční limity od 1. 1. 2026) [Act No. 134/2016 Coll., on Public Procurement (Section 27 as amended by Act No. 69/2025 Coll.), and Government Regulation No. 541/2025 Coll. (financial thresholds from January 1, 2026)] (opens in a new window)as of October 2026
Research and studies
- Benson, Li, and Shue, 2019Promotions and the Peter Principle (opens in a new window)salespeople in 131 companies; data from sales, not IT (an analogy)
- Cui et al., 2025The Effects of Generative AI on High-Skilled Work: Evidence from Three Field Experiments with Software Developers (opens in a new window)three field experiments (Microsoft, Accenture, a Fortune 100 company), 4,867 developers
- Datlab Institute, 2021Jak žít s vendor lockem v IT veřejných zakázkách [How to live with vendor lock-in in public IT contracts] (opens in a new window)handbook of December 1, 2021, data from 2017 to June 2021; 53% = share of payments in lock-in in the analyzed spending on IT vendors
- DORA, 2024Accelerate State of DevOps Report 2024 (opens in a new window)unstable priorities: lower productivity and more burnout
- DORA, 2025State of AI-assisted Software Development 2025 (opens in a new window)
- DORA, metricsDORA’s software delivery performance metrics (opens in a new window)five metrics: change lead time, deployment frequency, failed deployment recovery time, change fail rate, deployment rework rate
- Edmondson, 1999Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams (opens in a new window)51 work teams in a manufacturing company; correlational study
- Epoch AI, 2026Open models lag state-of-the-art closed models by 4 months (opens in a new window)published May 29, 2026; Epoch Capabilities Index, models since January 2026
- Flyvbjerg and Budzier, 2011Why Your IT Project May Be Riskier than You Think (opens in a new window)HBR, September 2011; 1,471 IT projects, average cost overrun of 27%, one in six projects a “black swan”
- Flyvbjerg, 2006From Nobel Prize to Project Management: Getting Risks Right (opens in a new window)reference class forecasting: estimating based on the actual outcomes of comparable projects to counter optimism and strategic misrepresentation
- Glass, 2002Facts and Fallacies of Software Engineering (Facts 41 and 42) (opens in a new window)the link leads to a summary of the book; book ISBN 0-321-11742-5
- IBM, 2025Cost of a Data Breach Report 2025 (opens in a new window)survey of 600 organizations, sponsored by IBM
- Keil et al., 2014The Pitfalls of Project Status Reporting (opens in a new window)summary of 14 studies on withholding bad news (the mum effect) and refusing to hear it (the deaf effect)
- Klein, 2007Performing a Project Premortem (opens in a new window)the principle of the method; the specific steps and times in this guide are an editorial suggestion
- McConnell, 2006 and 2010Software Development's Cone of Uncertainty (Construx, 2010); Software Estimation (Microsoft Press, 2006) (opens in a new window)origin: B. Boehm, Software Engineering Economics, 1981; ±10% after detailed design according to the 2006 book, Table 4-1
- McKinsey and Oxford, 2012Delivering large-scale IT projects on time, on budget, and on value (opens in a new window)database of over 5,400 IT projects; the averages of +45 / +7 / −56% apply to projects with an initial budget over USD 15 million
- McKinsey, 2020Tech debt: Reclaiming tech equity (opens in a new window)survey from July 2020 of 50 CIOs of financial and technology companies with revenue over USD 1 billion; respondents’ estimates
- McKinsey, 2023Breaking technical debt’s vicious cycle to modernize your business (opens in a new window)published April 25, 2023
- METR, 2025Measuring the Impact of Early-2025 AI on Experienced Open-Source Developer Productivity (opens in a new window)randomized controlled trial, 16 experienced developers, 246 tasks
- Peng et al., 2023The Impact of AI on Developer Productivity: Evidence from GitHub Copilot (opens in a new window)laboratory experiment with a single task (an HTTP server in JavaScript)
- PMI, 2014Pulse of the Profession In-Depth Report: Requirements Management, A Core Competency for Project and Program Success (opens in a new window)survey of project management practitioners, not an audit of projects
- Stack Overflow, 2025Stack Overflow 2025 Developer Survey (press release) (opens in a new window)over 49,000 responses, self-selected survey
- Staw, 1976Knee-deep in the big muddy: A study of escalating commitment to a chosen course of action (opens in a new window)
Methodologies and practice
- 18F, 2024De-risking Government Technology: Vendor management (opens in a new window)revised September 2024; the 18F team was disbanded on March 1, 2025, the guides remain in the repository
- AIR, Best ValueBest Value: metoda výběru dodavatele [Best Value: a vendor selection method] (opens in a new window)
- AVZ, 2023Metodika Vendor lock-in: únik a předcházení (s Krokářem opatření) [Vendor lock-in methodology: escape and prevention (with a step-by-step guide to measures)] (opens in a new window)methodology of a professional association, not a binding guideline
- Česko.Digital, 2022Průvodce světem řízení IT projektů 1.1.0 (česká adaptace příručky 18F De-risking Guide) [A guide to the world of IT project management 1.1.0 (Czech adaptation of the 18F De-risking Guide)] (opens in a new window)
- DIA, knowledge baseZnalostní báze: Možné způsoby veřejného zadávání informačních systémů (minitrh, rámcová dohoda s více dodavateli) [Knowledge base: Possible ways of procuring information systems (mini-competition, framework agreement with multiple vendors)] (opens in a new window)a knowledge base, not a formal methodology; in practice 7–15 vendors, a maximum of e.g. 30, a framework agreement for e.g. 4 years
- EDPB SPE, 2025AI Privacy Risks & Mitigations – Large Language Models (LLMs) (opens in a new window)section on models run on your own infrastructure; the author’s opinion, not an official EDPB position
- Fowler, 2004StranglerFigApplication (opens in a new window)revised August 22, 2024
- Gartner, 2012Accelerating Innovation by Adopting a Pace-Layered Application Strategy (opens in a new window)paid document with a public abstract; simplified to three layers in this guide
- Microsoft, 2027 price increasePower Apps Premium: price change from January 1, 2027 (Message Center MC1470566) (opens in a new window)
- Microsoft, price list 2026Power Apps pricing (opens in a new window)price list as of October 2026, annual billing
- OWASP ASVS 5.0, 2025OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 5.0.0 (opens in a new window)released May 30, 2025; 345 requirements in 17 chapters, levels L1–L3 (cumulatively 70 / 253 / 345)
- OWASP Top 10:2025OWASP Top 10:2025 (opens in a new window)A03 Software Supply Chain Failures
- OWASP, 2025OWASP Top 10 for Large Language Model Applications 2025 (opens in a new window)
- Thoughtworks, 2018Technology Radar: Microservice envy (opens in a new window)in the Hold category from 2015 to 2018
- Thoughtworks, 2023Technology Radar: Spring Modulith (opens in a new window)“start with a well-factored monolith” (Assess, September 2023)
- W3C, WCAG 2.2Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 (opens in a new window)
Media and cases
- Aktuálně.cz (ČTK), 2025NKÚ se zatím nebude zabývat digitalizací stavebního řízení [NKÚ will not look into the digitalization of building permit procedures for now] (opens in a new window)statement by NKÚ President M. Kala on the program Otázky Václava Moravce (ČT), January 2025, both sentences verbatim according to ČTK (also Archiweb, January 20, 2025); not an NKÚ document
- BusinessInfo.cz, 2025Veřejnost už se z databáze nedozví, kdo je skutečným majitelem firem. Co se mění [The public will no longer find out from the database who the beneficial owners of companies are. What is changing] (opens in a new window)the Register of Beneficial Owners has been closed to the public since December 17, 2025
- ČTK, April 28, 2025NKÚ: Systém e-zákonů bude stát téměř dvojnásobek, vnitro nesouhlasí [NKÚ: The e-laws system will cost almost twice as much, the Interior Ministry disagrees] (opens in a new window)MV statement: the amendments themselves amounted to CZK 173 million; the original MV press release is no longer available
- ČTK, July 22, 2026Soud zrušil milionovou pokutu za digitalizaci stavebního řízení, MMR ji ale dostane znovu [Court overturns million-koruna fine over the digitalization of building permit procedures, but MMR will receive it again] (opens in a new window)the Regional Court in Brno overturned the part of the decision on the amount of the fine, and ÚOHS will set it again; case numbers of the judgments not found
- ČTK, June 2026Soud opět potvrdil rozhodnutí ÚOHS o zakázce na digitalizaci stavebního řízení [Court again upholds ÚOHS decision on the contract for the digitalization of building permit procedures] (opens in a new window)
- Lupa.cz, 2026I stát může vybírat zakázky na software kvalitně a levněji. Tady jsou příklady [Even the state can award software contracts on quality and more cheaply. Here are examples] (opens in a new window)article of September 15, 2026, from the perspective of a vendor association; tender documentation in NEN not verified